Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science and it is concerned with the building of such smart machines that are capable to perform tasks just like human beings. Artificial intelligence is progressing very rapidly from the SIRI to self-driving cars. We can divide AI into two categories. First is known as weak AI. Weak AI means that scientists are working on the preparation of such machines which are able to perform narrow tasks like facial reorganization. The second type is known as strong AI. Strong AI means that scientists are working on the preparation of such machines that are able to perform specific tasks like playing chess or solving equations.
Main Components and Characteristics of Artificial Intelligence
In order to operate different kinds of intelligent systems, it is necessary for us to get an idea about the main components of artificial intelligence. The main components or characteristics of artificial intelligence are explained below;
♦ Feature Engineering
The process in which we identify the minimal number of informative features from a dataset is known as feature extraction. It is possible for us to improve the performance of machine learning with the help of these informative features. For this reason, first of all, we should reduce the entropy of the system because it is helpful for us to increase the information gain. Secondly, we should try to ensure zero correlation among these informative features of the machines.
♦ Artificial Neural Networks
There is a set of computing nodes in the consecutive layers of the artificial machines. The main function of these neural networks is to provide weighted interconnections between these nodes and consecutive layers of the artificial machines. With the help of these neural networks, it is possible for us to reduce the optimal weight of the connections. Its reason is that with the help of these artificial neural networks, these connections can adopt a common weight-sharing strategy. Some essential kinds of artificial neural networks are CNN (Convolution Neural Networks) and RNN (Recurrent Neural Networks) etc.
♦ Deep Learning
Between the input and output layers of artificial machines, there are layers of deep learning. With the help of these deep learning frameworks, it is possible for artificial machines to perform automatic feature extractions along with classification learning. With the help of these deep layers, it is also possible for us to decrease the learning time of artificial machines.
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Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Nowadays, we are using artificial intelligence in almost all fields of life. Some essential applications of artificial intelligence are given below;
1. SIRI
Almost all people are familiar with the personal assistant of Apple. Her name is SIRI. We have to interact with this friendly voice-activated computer on a daily basis. SIRI is helping us in various ways with the help of her assistance, it is possible for us to find the required amount of information, add some specific events to the calendars, get directions from her, and so on. In order to understand our questions and to provide possible answers to these questions, SIRI is using machine learning technology.
2. Alexa
Alexa is helpful for those people who have limited mobility. Its reason is that with the help of the machine learning abilities of Alexa, it is possible for us to scour the web for information, shop anything, schedule appointments, set alarms, and other millions of tasks.
3. Tesla
If you have not used Tesla yet, it means that you have missed a lot. Its reason is that Tesla is the best-driving car. This essential kind of driving car has lots of features like it has lots of predictive capabilities. It has self-driving features and it is also using sheer technology. We call it coolness. If you are interested in the field of technology and you can easily own cars, you should own Tesla.
4. Cogito
Nowadays, we are receiving millions of phone calls that are based on artificial intelligence. For this reason, companies are using Cogito technology. The most important benefit of using this technology for making phone calls is that it is possible for us to improve the emotional intelligence of the customers. As a result, these companies are able to improve customer relationships.
5. Netflix
If you are interested in watching movies, you will be familiar with Netflix. Netflix is using highly accurate predictive technology. By using this technology, it is possible for Netflix to analyze the reactions of the customers. After analyzing their reactions, it shows the best results for their favorite movies. As the dataset of this essential technology is growing over the years, therefore, it is getting smarter and smarter. The only drawback of this technology is that it is promoting only big-named movies and small-labeled movies remain unnoticed.
6. Nest
Almost all the people are familiar with the Nest. Its reason is that we are using Nest in our homes and offices for controlling temperatures according to our needs. Now, the most important quality of this artificial technology is that it is easy for us to control it with the help of voice.
Advantages of Artificial Intelligence
There are lots of benefits of artificial intelligence. Some essential advantages of artificial intelligence are explained below;
1. Reduction in Human Error
As a human being, there are chances of making some mistakes. On the other hand, if we are operating anything with the help of artificial intelligence, there will be no chance of error. Its reason is that artificial intelligence is performing different tasks on the basis of previously gathered information. You just need to operate the artificial machines with proper programming.
2. Takes Risks Instead of Humans
It is a fact that there are some tasks that are very risky for human beings. For example, it is risky for human beings to go to Mars, to defuse a bomb, and to explore the deepest parts of the ocean. For this reason, we can prepare robots and these robots can do these tasks for us.
3. Available 24×7
It is also a fact that it is impossible for a human being to work actively 24 hours of a day. Its reason is that a human being requires breaks for the preparation of the next day’s work. Under such a situation, a human being can work 6 to 8 hours a day. On the other hand, artificial machines can work around the clock without any breaks. Therefore, we can say that these artificial machines are available 24 hours a day.
4. Helpful in Repetitive Jobs
In our daily life, we have to perform different kinds of repetitive tasks and sometimes, these repetitive tasks are boring for us. With the help of artificial machines, it is possible for us to perform these repetitive tasks. While performing these repetitive tasks, these machines will never make any kind of mistake. On the other hand, while performing repetitive tasks, a human being can make some mistakes.
5. Digital Assistance
There are lots of companies that are using digital assistants in order to interact with their customers. With the help of this digital assistance, it is also possible for these companies to decrease the need for human assistance. Moreover, this digital assistance is available for the assistance of customers around the clock without any time limitation.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
Along with the advantages of artificial intelligence, there are also some disadvantages of artificial intelligence. These disadvantages are explained below;
1. High Costs of Creation
As we know that these artificial machines are very complex and in order to create these artificial machines, there require huge costs. Moreover, we are also observing lots of updates in the field of artificial intelligence. Therefore, if we want to meet the latest requirements of AI, it is also necessary for us to update hardware and software.
2. Making Humans Lazy
As we know that with the help of artificial intelligence, it is possible for us to automate the majority of the work. As a result, human beings are becoming addicts of these machines and this thing can create lots of problems for future generations.
3. Unemployment
It is also a fact that artificial intelligence is also taking the positions of human beings in most companies. Therefore, we can also say that the developments in the field of artificial intelligence can also create lots of unemployment issues for human beings.
4. No Emotions
Nowadays, we are using artificial machines in workplaces. While working at a workplace, it is necessary for us to work by making a team. These machines can’t develop bonds with human beings. As a result, it is almost impossible for us to work by making a team with these artificial machines.
5. Lacking Out of Box Thinking
One of the major drawbacks of these artificial machines is that these artificial machines can only perform those tasks that are programmed into them. It means that it is almost impossible for us to increase productivity within a company by using artificial machines.
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